{Dangerous Content?} Emailing: Wiley InterScience JOURNALS Physiologia Plantarum

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Physiologia Plantarum Volume 79 Issue 1, Pages 1 – 6 Published Online: 28 Apr 2006
© Physiologia Plantarum 2008
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Isolectins in Narcissus: complexity, inter- and intraspecies differences and developmental control Els J. M. Van Damme 1 Willy J. Peumans 1 1 Katholieke Uni versiteit Leuven, Lab. voor Fytopathologie en Plantenbescherming, Willem de Croy laan 42, B-3030 Leuven, Belgium. E. J. M. Van Damme (corresponding author) Copyright Physiologia Plantarum 1990 KEYWORDS Amaryllidaceae . daffodil . developmental control . lectin . Narcissus ABSTRACT Using high resolution ion-exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing the heterogeneity of the daffodil (Narcissus sp.) lectin in terms of isolectin composition was analyzed. A survey of about 30 cultivars and species of Narcissus demonstrates (i) that they all contain over 50 different lectin polypeptides and (ii) that there are pronounced inter- and intraspecies differences in the isolectin patterns. Analyses of lectin preparations isolated from different tissues at different developmental stages further indicate that the isolectin composition is tissue specific and developmentally regulated. Finally, affinity chromatography experiments suggest differences in affinity for a mannose-Sepharose 4B column of different isolectins.
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Received 23 October, 1989; revised 19 January, 1990
DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI) 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05858.x About DOI
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4 comments for “{Dangerous Content?} Emailing: Wiley InterScience JOURNALS Physiologia Plantarum

  1. Brian,
    If you wanted to send the paper as a doc file or a pdf, it did not come through, It was rejected by an ISP along your email route. Looks like possibly an iSP in Omagh since the email header shows “X-The-net-worX- MailScanner: Found to be infected”. I searched for “The-net-worX” and found an Omagh site. MailScanner is a virus/spam checking package used by many ISPs with their mail servers.
    If you have the article in question, you should be able to send an email with a pdf attachment to Daffnet. If that does not work, send it to Nancy or me and we will try to forward it to Daffnet.
    Maybe we will virus scan it first though, just in case..
    Regards,
    Ben

  2. I would venture a guess that since isolectins are being used in neuroscience research (spinal column nerve regeneration, etc.), an attempt is being made to determine the source of the "old wives tale" that daffodils help prevent dementia. However, a medico like John Beck or John Reed may be able to add more light to this subject than someone who'se neuroscience experience is simply looking (not hard) for an alternative to alcohol as a cure for essential tremor.

  3. Brian and Ben:
    Using the article title
    Isolectins in Narcissus: complexity, inter- and intraspecies differences and developmental control
    as a search string in Google, you will come up with a large body of work.  But I have not yet found the articles in Full Text without cost.  However, there are many abstracts online.  Do you subscribe to the journal, or were you able to find a free text version online?  If the latter, you could just send the active link.
    Melissa

    Apparently, from the two articles linked below, this is of current interest as a conceivable drug therapy for HIV.

    http://www.srs.ac.uk/px/showcase/jmb_article.pdf
    Insights into Carbohydrate Recognition by Narcissus pseudonarcissus Lectin: The Crystal Structure at 2 Aй Resolution in Complex with a1-3 Mannobiose

    http://mcl1.ncifcrf.gov/wlo_pubs/233.pdf
    Proteins that bind high-mannose sugars of the HIV envelope

    Here is an abstract that highlights the interest in more general terms:

    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2H-4JF8G1R-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=107b13ac23080b94d44187ff9f6e2433
    Mini-review

    Inhibition of HIV entry by carbohydrate-binding proteins

    J. Balzarini a, E-mail The Corresponding Author
    aRega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

    Received 10 January 2006;
    accepted 1 February 2006.
    Available online 9 March 2006.

    Abstract

    Carbohydrate-binding proteins (CBP) can be isolated from a variety of species, including procaryotes (i.e. cyanobacteria), sea corals, algae, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. A number of them, in particular those CBP that show specific recognition for mannose (Man) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) are endowed with a remarkable anti-HIV activity in cell culture. The smallest CBP occur as monomeric peptides with a molecular weight of not, vert, similar 8.5 kDa. Many others are functionally dimers, trimers or tetramers, and their molecular weight can sometimes largely exceed 50 kDa. CBP can contain 2 to up to 12 carbohydrate-binding sites per single molecule, depending on the nature of the lectin and its oligomerization state. CBP qualify as potential anti-HIV microbicide drugs because they not only inhibit infection of cells by cell-free virus (in some cases in the lower nano- or even subnanomolar range) but they can also efficiently prevent virus transmission from virus-infected cells to uninfected T-lymphocytes. Their most likely mechanism of antiviral action is the interruption of virus entry (i.e. fusion) into its target cell. CBP presumably act by direct binding to the glycans that are abundantly present on the HIV-1 gp120 envelope. They may cross-link several glycans during virus/cell interaction and/or freeze the conformation of gp120 consequently preventing further interaction with the coreceptor. Several CBP were shown to have a high genetic barrier since multiple ( 5) glycan deletions in the HIV envelope are necessary to provoke a moderate level of drug resistance. CBP are the prototypes of conceptionally novel chemotherapeutics with a unique mechanism of antiviral action, drug resistance profile and an intrinsic capacity to trigger a specific immune response against HIV strains after glycan deletions on their envelope occur in an attempt to escape CBP drug pressure.


     

  4. The term “{Dangerous Content?}” was added by a mail server along the way from Brian in Northern Ireland to the Daffnet server in California. That does not mean that a dangerous attachment was actually found, but rather that a mail server was set up to remove specific email attachment types from messages. Once it does that, it adds a notice that something was removed from the original email message.
    Our server “mail.daffodilusa.org” also removes several types of attachments such as programs or scripts, for example, windows “exe” files. If someone sends a windows program through our mail server, the mail server software will remove it and add a similar notice to the original message that we removed something.
    The types of email attachments removed varies from ISP to ISP although many types are typical. In this specific case, the attachment that was removed appeared to be an html form. The ISP that removed the attachment did not provide enough information to describe the attachment.
    When attachments are removed, that does not mean a virus or any problem was found, only that the attachment type matched a list of files to remove from emails.
    Regardless, when an attachment is removed, it can do no harm and therefore can not be dangerous. On the other hand, since many attachments removed from emails by the “mailscanner” software are legitimate attachments, the harm done is removing part of a customer’s email.
    Ben Blake, Daffnet Co-Administrator

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